SAUNA 101

Intense heat exposure can be therapeutic and it can be deadly.  Like a powerful drug, it is the way in which it is used that makes the difference. The context, preparation, helpful aids, temperature, rest periods, and recuperation time are all important. That does not mean that there is just one way or even “a best way” to do it.  Although there are many different ways to enjoy a sauna, some important guidelines should be considered.

Contraindications and Heat Disorders

For most people, sweat bathing is well tolerated and safe. Sweat bathing is contraindicated during high-risk pregnancies and for people with unstable angina pectoris, recent myocardial infarction, severe aortic stenosis, decompensated heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, and severe spinal cord injuries. Alcohol intake while sweat bathing can create serious health risks. See this post for further discussion of the risks and benefits of sauna.

In my fifteen years of avid use of sweat lodges and saunas including lengthy research projects, I have never experienced a participant suffer a heat disorder. Nevertheless, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms and how to provide first-aid. Heat disorders include heat collapse, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. The symptoms of heat disorders include headache, nausea, vertigo, weakness, thirst, confusion, irrational behavior, loss of consciousness, convulsions, a lack of sweating, and an abnormally high body temperature. General recommendations for first aid of heat disorders include removing the person from the hot environment, wetting the person’s skin and increasing air movement around the person to improve evaporative cooling until professional methods of cooling are initiated and the seriousness of the condition can be assessed. Fluids should be replaced as soon as possible. No person suspected of being ill from heat stroke should be sent home or left unattended unless a physician has specifically approved such an order. Professional medical treatment should be obtained immediately in the case of heat stroke.

Before SAUNA Meal

Consider your amount of food intake before going to sweat. Sweating is a form of exercise. You wouldn’t decide to go for a run right after Thanksgiving dinner and the same should be true for sweating. It is often recommended that one fast for an hour or two before sweating. On the other hand, if you wait too long to eat you can feel feint or week. A good general rule is to not eat heavy before you sweat and to moderate your pre-sweat meal to how you would before engaging in any intense cardio exercise.

Temperature

Give your sauna some time to heat up. There is nothing more disappointing than when you’re all ready to plunge into some heat and discovering the sauna is still cold or lukewarm. If you are using a sauna in a gym or health club, do yourself a favor and call ahead asking the staff person, “To please make sure the sauna is on.”  Rocks, walls, and benches need time to absorb the heat so that heat emanates from all sides of the sauna, not just from the kivas. Saunas typically take thirty minutes to heat up. The recommended temperature is 176 to 194º F (80-90º C). The thermometer should be located at head level or 15” below the ceiling in a 7’ high sauna. It should be located away from the heater or the door so it will not give a false reading.

Clothing

Clothing choice is a personal one except for jewelry. Jewelry should be removed before entering a sweat structure as it can feel burning to the skin. Hard core sweat enthusiasts say the only way to sweat is naked. In my sweat therapy research, minimal attire was a bathing suit. Some people stuck to the minimal attire while others wore t-shirts in addition to bathing suits or shorts. The same is true for when people come to my home to sweat. Greater attention to your body image is an effect of sweating. Clothing choice is often reflective of body-image issues. As a result, when people start to sweat on a regular basis they start to pay greater attention to their diet and exercise.

Water & Towels

The things you will need are two towels and a quart of water. One towel is for bringing in with you into the sauna. This towel can be used for sitting on or other personal hygiene. The second towel is for drying off afterward. Drink plenty of water before entering the sauna and between intervals of heat exposure.

Duration

The recommended time inside a sauna is anywhere from 10 to 15 minutes. Take a five-minute break and then repeat. An athletic watch with a timer is helpful for marking time. Plastic covered sport watches, like a Timex Ironman, won’t burn your skin. Two to four rounds in the sauna should do it. During the break drink plenty of water. Allow yourself to take a longer break to recuperate after your last round before moving on to your next activity. For recuperation guidelines, see The Four Stages of Sauna Recuperation.

Developing Sauna-Yoga: part 2

In Developing Sauna-Yoga: part 1, we discussed our concerns and rationale for combining sauna with yoga. Our initial results were positive. Muscle relaxation caused by intense heat was complementary to stretching. The meditative attention inherent in performing poses translated to adaptive coping with the intense heat. While standing poses were ruled out because of the small quarters, the sauna bench and wall served as a prop for poses.

Now, in part 2, a definite protocol started to emerge. In this video, Robin demonstrates six poses to four participants in a sauna at 180°F. As shown, these poses can be performed well within the typical time inside a sauna at about 12 minutes. Here is a list of the six poses demonstrated:

1. Simple cross legged pose – Sucasana
2. Sitting Cat/Cow – Chakravakasana
3. Modified Half-fish seated twist – Ardha Matsyendrasana
4. Head to Knee Pose – Janusirsasana
5. Bound Angle Pose – Baddha Konasana
6. Camel pose – Ustrasana

While debriefing, we agreed that what would work well would be a procedure for a three-round sauna session to include Yoga in the first round, Meditation in the second round, and Socialize and enjoy a beer in the third round. See Sauna-Yoga: Much more than just VERY hot yoga.

If you have any health problems, consult your physician before attempting Sauna Yoga. See Sauna 101 for sauna contraindications. Robin recommends a temperature of 170°F for Sauna Yoga and advises against forward bends to prevent lightheadedness or dizziness, standing poses to decrease the risk of falling, and intense pranayama to prevent overheating or lightheadedness.

The Four Stages of Sauna Recuperation

Don’t neglect your recuperation period. If doing a sauna at night, the full recuperation period includes the moment you exit the sauna for the last time until the next morning.

Stage 1: The first stage is to transition from sympathetic to parasympathetic mode. In other words, you transition from sweating to stop sweating. This takes a good 15 minutes. Think of that 15 minutes as the absolute minimum time you need to give yourself to recuperate. If you choose to ignore this period, get dressed and take off, you will regret it. The transition will take longer because you are rushing around, your clothes will be soaked with sweat and you will be annoyed thereby defeating many of the positive effects on what should be a pleasant, tranquil mood.

A roll in the snow, jump in a lake, or cold shower is often used during Stage 1. In addition to drinking water, fruit such as watermelon or pineapple are ecstasy during stage 1. I like watermelon best.

Stage 2: You stopped sweating and cooled off. Now get out of those wet clothes (if you were wearing any) and put on some loose fitting comfortable clothes. Be careful not to put too much on. Your system is very sensitive right now and can be easily triggered right back into sweat-mode.

Stage 3: Eat. You should have fasted an hour before sauna so at this point it is now two hours since your last meal. Additionally, one of the effects of activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is that it induces your appetite for salt. Since you just engaged in a healthy, cardio-fat-burning activity, do yourself a favor and choose something that includes a low-fat protein and carb and add some vegetables. My favorite after-sauna meal is homemade chicken noodle soup and don’t forget the oyster crackers.

Stage 4: Sleep. After sauna, your body is primed for deep, heavy, restorative, psychedelic-dream-laden sleep. Don’t interrupt your trajectory into dream world with noxious late-night TV watching.

If you take care to follow these guidelines for sauna recuperation, you are guaranteed to wake up the next morning definitely feeling born again.

Tips For Enjoying a Hotel Sauna

Hotel saunas are a mixed bag, to say the least. Sometimes you run into one like this pic on the right. The temp is acceptable, the vibe is great, basically – it’s getting used.

Other times though, all you have at your disposal is a poorly maintained sauna that gets fired up a couple times per month. No worries! You can still get a good sweat in with these tips:

  1. Every single sauna stove made is meant to take water. Don’t buy into that nonsense about electrical shock. Hotel owners know that using water shortens the lifespan of the heating elements so they try to keep water off the rocks. Dry sauna? Not if I’m in there. The rocks are getting doused and that’s all there is to it. If someone in there feels nervous just explain this to them (and maybe bribe them with a beer). This is also necessary for a good sweat because usually hotel saunas are only around 150 degrees.
  2. Put a little scented oil in a gallon of water for the rocks. There won’t be a bucket so you’ll have to tote your own water. The oil is a good idea because hotel sauna rocks sometimes have a funky smell. Kids pour pop on them and who knows what else. A nice shot of birch oil in the water will give you a little insurance.
  3. If there are other people in there, spark up a conversation! Hotel saunas can be great places to meet people and to learn more about the town you’re visiting. Don’t miss out on that opportunity.

Don’t let an underused hotel sauna get you down. Crank it up, follow the rubberband theory, and you’ll have a great sweat.

Here’s a step by step instruction on how to take a hotel sauna.

The sauna evangelist

Yours truly was interviewed for a story in Minneapolis’  The Southwest Journal. Winter has set in heavily now.  It starts to get dark at 4 pm.  Most folks are cocooning inside.  There is a group of us, however, who are embracing winter with a smile, digging the authentic Finnish sauna scene and jumping (literally) into the snow.

Photo by Robb Long

Glenn Auerbach outside his mobile sauna.

Southwest’s sauna evangelist

By Sarah McKenzie

KENNY — To say that Glenn Auerbach is enthusiastic about saunas would be an understatement.

He owns three saunas, has a special sauna blog called “The Sauna Times,” and belongs to an informal club of local sauna lovers he often has over for sauna parties in his backyard in the
Kenny neighborhood.

He takes saunas year around, usually three times a week, and often with his family — his two sons and wife. It serves as a special bonding time. His sauna ritual usually lasts anywhere from 90 minutes to three hours. To be truly authentic, the experience has to end with a blast of cold — usually a quick rinse under a shower or a leap into a snow pile.

“The fun thing about the sauna ritual is that there really is only one rule: ‘Close the sauna door!,” he said. “Outside of that, it’s a lesson in freedom. If you’re hot, you leave. If you get cold, you go in.”

He first became infatuated with saunas more than 25 years ago while traveling in Scandinavia. He was hitchhiking with a friend. The weather was cold and rainy. They were soaked, hungry and tired. A kind couple took pity on them and invited them over to their home to warm up. They were also encouraged to take a sauna at the couple’s house.

“The first blast of dry warm air felt wonderful against my clammy skin and as my tight muscles started to loosen up, I quickly realized that I just found heaven on earth, in a small cedar lined room in a little town in the middle of nowhere,” he wrote of the experience on his blog. “After a couple 15–20 minutes rounds, showering between, I felt clean, refreshed, and as an even unfathomable bonus, all our mosquito bites were miraculously gone.”

These days, Auerbach, 47, has become something of a sauna evangelist and would love to see a sauna movement catch on in Minneapolis. It’s not necessary to drive all the way to the north woods to enjoy the experience, he noted.

“I really think we are on the cusp of urban saunas,” he said. “It’s in our blood as Minnesotans. It’s bringing the up-north vibe to the backyard.”

Besides his backyard sauna, his family has a sauna at their cabin on Lake Vermilion in Tower, Minn. It features a stove made by an authentic Finnish stove maker. He also has a “mobile” sauna currently on display at Uncommon Gardens, 5750 Lyndale Ave. S. The sauna has been an attraction at events like the City of Lakes Loppet and the New Year’s Day Polar Plunge on Lake Minnetonka.

Auerbach has also found some kindred spirits who share his love of saunas.

Clint Carlson, an Armatage resident who has a sauna in his garage, found Auerbach by stumbling on his sauna blog. “I’m a sauna freak. I often go online and see what’s been happening in the news,” he said.

He started corresponding with Auerbach a couple of years ago and soon started going to his sauna gatherings.

“By far the best way to embrace the Minnesota winter is to own a sauna,” he said.

Tom Rolando, another friend of Auerbach’s, also connected with him through his blog, “Sauna Times.” He had Auerbach build him a sauna in his backyard in Maple Grove.

While many lament the piles of snow that have fallen on the Twin Cities in recent weeks, Rolando isn’t complaining. “The worse the weather, the better the sauna,” he said.

Auerbach says there a few things to keep in mind to ensure a good sauna experience. First, he said there’s something “magical” about allowing enough time for three complete sauna rounds. Round one is typically a dry round where water is slowly added to the sauna rocks (loyly); round two involves adding water to the sauna rocks right away to get a blast of steam going; and for the third round, you let your body relax completely and sweat away the toxins.

It’s important to stay hydrated during the process. Auerbach typically drinks at least a quart of water during a sauna session.

And finally, the cool down is key.

“People may think a true sauna enthusiast is crazy for jumping in the snow or jumping through a hole in the ice, but this is when magic happens,” he said. “In order to appreciate the heating up in the sauna, it’s critical to allow enough time for the body to cool down. I try to spend at least the same amount of time cooling down as I do heating up, even in winter with the steam billowing off my body.”

Besides being a good way to connect with loved ones and the benefits for the body — detoxification and improved circulation — the sauna experience helps calm the mind.

“It’s a meditative place,” Auerbach said. “We all need an escape.”

Opposite of cold interview

Author Michael Nordskog is interviewed by a very knowledgeable M.A. Rosco from Fox 9 Twin Cities.  Note the Kuuma Stove and mention of Lake Superior sauna rocks.   Well done Michael and M.A.!

Sauna: your best hair tonic

“I like saunas, but they dry out my hair”.

I hear this sometimes.  Here’s the simple solution: wet your hair before you go into a sauna: wood burning sauna, backyard sauna, Finnish sauna, health club sauna, but I can’t vouch for an infrared microwave.

BONUS:  You’ll find that this will moisturize your hair.

EXTRA BONUS:  You’ll need no shampoo or soap.  How do I know?

ADMISSION: I used no shampoo for 74 straight days.  I took a sauna 3-4 times a week.  Each sauna, I took 3-4 rounds, jumping into the clear cool lake water between rounds.  That’s it.

My hair felt great, clean all summer long without the use of any product from a bottle.  However, I did start to speak in shorter sentences – I think i’m becoming a Scandinavian.

Make your own "vihta" – a bundle of birch branches

I’ve been taking saunas for 20 years and finally have made my own Vihta (a bundle of birch branches to soak in warm water and gently slap against the skin to help stimulate blood flow and opening of the pours on the skin while in sauna).

It took 10 mins, with help from my Finnish friend Ove:

1. locate a birch tree and some new growth

 

 

 

2. cut a few branches 12″ or so in length

 

3. tie branches together with some twine

4. cut the ends.

 

5. soak in warm water – in the hot sauna of course.

It was great.  Finns have been doing this for centuries.  After sauna, my skin felt even more fresh and invigorated.  Nokia phones, Finlandia Vodka, and now Vihtas for sauna.  3 great contributions from Finland.

Do I really need a changing room?

mobile-sauna-changing-room-200x300If I had a stick of firewood for every time i’ve been asked this question, I could keep my wood burning sauna stove on idle most of the winter:

1. Double doors. Why do grocery stores all have a double set of entry doors?  Imagine you are a check out clerk at a grocery store and it’s below freezing with 25 mph winds and some old lady is standing in the doorway adjusting her hat.  Now imagine that you build your own sauna without a changing room and some old lady is standing in the open doorway adjusting her hat.  Close the door!

2.  Equalize your body temp. A backyard sauna with a changing room is a wonderful hang out space between rounds.  After a well deserved cold outdoor shower, it’s nice to sit in the changing room and hang out, visit, indulge in a sauna music play list as your body equalizes.   This is not only fun, but important!

3.  Expand your space. A sauna changing room is critical for a sauna party.  Offering hang out zones gives your sauna party structure and expansion.  How come people hang out in the kitchen at parties?

I built my mobile sauna with a changing room for all the above reasons, oh, yea, and you

4.  have a place to hang your clothes.

Click here for the ultimate sauna plan.  It’s the perfect design for a Minnesota sauna or a Finnish sauna or a backyard sauna or even a mobile sauna.

5 simple sauna rules

Chris, my friend in spirit at saunascape.com, grabbed this:

5 Simple Sauna Rules

NOT a spitoon. Photo by fooishbar on Flickr

The Chicago Tribune’s hip social news outfit, Red Eye Royalty has a post, 5 simple sauna rules. They are rules we can all live by:

  1. Don’t SPIT on the sauna rocks!
  2. Get permission before you turn up the heat!
  3. Hurry up and close the door!
  4. Don’t wear street shoes!
  5. Never sit bare bottom! (“What makes you think someone wants to sit in a puddle of your booty juice?”) – General, that means you!