The Four Stages of Sauna Recuperation

Don’t neglect your recuperation period. If doing a sauna at night, the full recuperation period includes the moment you exit the sauna for the last time until the next morning.

Stage 1: The first stage is to transition from sympathetic to parasympathetic mode. In other words, you transition from sweating to stop sweating. This takes a good 15 minutes. Think of that 15 minutes as the absolute minimum time you need to give yourself to recuperate. If you choose to ignore this period, get dressed and take off, you will regret it. The transition will take longer because you are rushing around, your clothes will be soaked with sweat and you will be annoyed thereby defeating many of the positive effects on what should be a pleasant, tranquil mood.

A roll in the snow, jump in a lake, or cold shower is often used during Stage 1. In addition to drinking water, fruit such as watermelon or pineapple are ecstasy during stage 1. I like watermelon best.

Stage 2: You stopped sweating and cooled off. Now get out of those wet clothes (if you were wearing any) and put on some loose fitting comfortable clothes. Be careful not to put too much on. Your system is very sensitive right now and can be easily triggered right back into sweat-mode.

Stage 3: Eat. You should have fasted an hour before sauna so at this point it is now two hours since your last meal. Additionally, one of the effects of activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is that it induces your appetite for salt. Since you just engaged in a healthy, cardio-fat-burning activity, do yourself a favor and choose something that includes a low-fat protein and carb and add some vegetables. My favorite after-sauna meal is homemade chicken noodle soup and don’t forget the oyster crackers.

Stage 4: Sleep. After sauna, your body is primed for deep, heavy, restorative, psychedelic-dream-laden sleep. Don’t interrupt your trajectory into dream world with noxious late-night TV watching.

If you take care to follow these guidelines for sauna recuperation, you are guaranteed to wake up the next morning definitely feeling born again.

Sweat Therapy: A Guide to Greater Well-Being by Stephen Colmant, Ph.D.

People have used sweat rituals around the world for thousands of years to gain greater physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Like Carl Jung’s Concept of the Archetype, sweat practices continue to re-emerge in different forms. The activity gives the participant an intense physical and psychological experience, the power of which can and will continue to be harnessed for a multitude of purposes. Some have used the practice of sweating to heal illness, socialization, for exercise, to promote spirituality, or as an aid in meditation. Others have used sweat practices as a sexual aphrodisiac, to promote prostitution or as a manipulative tool to promote cult-like agendas. My work in developing Sweat Therapy in counseling psychology has focused on using this powerful technique to promote health, psychological healing, and human growth.

I wrote this book to educate people on the art of sweat rituals and provide guidance to, intelligently, make use of this ancient Traditional Medicine practice to improve well-being and prevent many long-term health problems. I see this book as useful to the conscientious individual wanting to incorporate a powerful health practice into their lifestyle, the avid sweat enthusiast wanting to broaden their understanding of sweat rituals, and the health professional considering using sweat therapy as part of their practice. When it comes to complementary and alternative health practices, it can often be difficult to separate fact from fiction and sweating is a prime example. My perspective is that of a licensed psychologist. My review of the effects of sweat rituals on Mind, Body & Spirit is grounded in the most current scientific research at the time of this writing. My firsthand experience contributing to this body of knowledge is included.

The organization of this book follows my Sweat Therapy Theoretical Model with three additional chapters: Creating Your Own Sweat Ritual, Building a Sauna, and Health Professionals Using Sweat Therapy. The Sweat Therapy Theoretical Model explains how sweat rituals operate to deliver positive effects to the mind, body, and spirit through five main factors: (a) Cultural Priming, (b) Exercise, (c) Self-Regulation, (d) Metaphorical & Contextual Elements, and (c) Interpersonal Factors. These factors and their subsystems interact in a reciprocal manner to produce these effects. This model not only explains how sweat rituals operate but also how many holistic practices work.

Lastly, I hope to convince readers that the effects of sweat rituals and the therapeutic factors that operate within them are anything but trivial and can make the difference between disease and health, misery and happiness. Available for Kindle here:

What is Sweat Therapy?

Sweat Therapy combines the practice of sweating with counseling or psychotherapy.

The results of two randomly assigned, controlled studies indicated that group sweating accelerates and intensifies group dynamics.

There is strong precedence for sweat therapy to be incorporated into medical, mental health & substance abuse treatment. While there are a multitude of medical and psychological problems that may be helped by sweat therapy, there are some that the available research     suggests a high likelihood of benefiting.

Mental health problems likely to be responsive to sweat therapy include anxiety, depression, substance abuse, conduct disorders, and eating disorders.

Specific areas of physical therapy that would likely benefit from sweat therapy are cardiopulmonary, geriatric, and orthopedic where exercise is used as a stimulus to improve cardiovascular functioning.  Sweat therapy is especially well suited to address chronic pain and issues of lifestyle related diseases.

Psychological Effects of Sauna

There have been some interesting findings on the psychological effects of sweat rituals that have important implications for therapeutic and preventive mental health purposes. These findings include that sweating promotes positive effects on sleep, mood, and affect, and on hyperactivity. Positive mood, especially relaxation and stress relief, is the most frequently cited psychological effect of sweating. In one of the larger studies (N = 100), Frankva and Franek found that sweating resulted in improvements in mental satisfaction, energy, relaxation, frustration, and anxiety.

Beyond establishing baseline psychological effects of sweat practices, some investigators are beginning to investigate the use of sweat practices with clinical populations. Guiterrez, Vasquez, and Boakes (2002) examined the effects of sweating on anorexia and reported positive effects on hyperactivity, depression, and stress levels. In the past 10 years innovative experiments investigating therapeutic uses of sweat practices have been performed in Japan. Masuda, Nakazato, Kihara, Minagoe, & Tei (2005a) examined the effects of sauna with mildly depressed inpatients with general fatigue, appetite loss, and somatic and mental complaints. In another study, researchers found that attending a Jim Jil Bang, also known as a charcoal kiln sauna, reduced both state and trait anxiety (Shinya, Yosikazu, Eiji, Masahiro, Yosuke, Tatsuya, Chiyoe, Katsutaro, & Toshiyuki, 2008). The results of two randomly assigned, controlled studies conducted by my research team at Oklahoma State University indicated that sauna accelerates and intensifies group dynamics and has positive effects on feeling states. 

References

Colmant, S. A., Eason, E. A., Winterowd, C. L., Jacobs, S. C., & Cashel, C. (2005). Investigating the Effects of Sweat therapy on Group Dynamics and Affect. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 30, 329–341.

Eason, E. A., Colmant, S. A., and Winterowd, C.L. (2009). Sweat Therapy Theory, Practice, andEfficacy. Journal of Experiential Education, Volume 32, 2 pp 121-136.

Frankova, E., & Franek, A. (1990). Relaxace v saunove lazni. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 34, 229–241.

Gutierrez, E., Vazquez, R., & Boakes, R. A. (2002). Activity-based anorexia: Ambient temperature has been a neglected factor. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9, 239–249.

Masuda, A., Nakazato, M., Kihara, T., Minagoe, S., & Tei, C. (2005a). Repeated thermal therapy diminishes appetite loss and subjective complaints in mildly depressed patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 643–647.

Masuda, A., Nakazato, M., Kihara, T., Minagoe, S., & Tei, C. (2005b). The effects of repeated thermal therapy for patients with chronic pain. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 74, 288–294.

Masuda, A., Nakazato, M., Kihara, T., Minagoe, S., & Tei, C. (2005c). The effects of repeated thermal therapy for two patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 58, 383–387.

Shinya, H., Yosikazu, N., Eiji, K., Masahiro, I., Yosuke S., Tatsuya N., et al. (2008). Effects of charcoal kiln saunas (Jjimjilbang) on psychological states. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 14, 143–148.

The Universality of Sweat Rituals


Sweat rituals have been present throughout the world for thousands of years and are central to community life among many cultural groups. The oldest sweat ritual structure was recently found in Scotland and dates between 1500 BC and 1200 BC. Different forms of indigenous sweat practices have been found across many geographically and culturally distinct regions of the world:

  • American Indian Sweat Lodge
  • Finnish Sauna
  • Greek Sweat Bath
  • Irish Sweat House
  • Japanese Mushi-Buro and
  • Korean Jim Jil Bang
  • Jewish Shvitz
  • Islamic Hammam
  • Mayan Sweat House
  • Mexican and Central American Temescal and Inipi;
  • Roman Balnea and Thermae
  • Russian Bania
  • Scythian Sweatbath
  • South African Sifutu

While there are variations in the different forms of sweat rituals, the common purposes include promoting physical and mental health, spirituality, and socialization.

When to use a Sauna to Cure a Hangover

There are mixed opinions on the use of sauna as a hangover remedy. Some say the best way to heal is to detox by sweating it out. Others advise against it based on sauna causing dehydration. A 1988 Finnish study found that the hangover phase exposes a person to cardiac arrhythmias.

In my opinion, its not a question of “if” but rather “when?” When using sauna to cure a hangover, timing is everything.

First let’s define a hangover. Symptoms of the run-of-the-mill hangover from a bout of binge drinking generally include headache, nausea, sensitivity to light and noise, lethargy, dysphoria, diarrhea and thirst. In addition to the physical symptoms, a hangover may also induce psychological symptoms including heightened feelings of depression and anxiety.

Binge drinking is defined as 3 drinks or more for a woman and 5 drinks or more for a man. The full spectrum of hangover effects last longer than you might expect. Cognitive deficits can be measured for up to 2.3 days after a bout of binge drinking. That means if you binge drink on Saturday night, you will be stupider until Tuesday.

Now, let’s remember that sauna is a form of exercise. See Sweat Therapy Theory. Yes sauna causes relaxation and stress relief but don’t forget, its goddamn 180° F in there! The moment you close that sauna door, your sympathetic nervous system starts mobilizing. A good rule of thumb is that if you are feeling so bad that you are unable to exercise, then don’t go in a sauna. In fact, a good protocol to follow to cure a hangover is to first hit the gym and then sauna. I would advise against sauna soon after waking hungover. Instead, start with other remedies like water, food, and aspirin. Plan on using the sauna in the late afternoon or evening.

There are many therapeutic features of sauna that help cure a hangover. The quiet serene setting, dimmed lighting, and mellow music can be powerful medicine. Sauna can also help you hydrate. If I lose a quart of sweat in the sauna, I drink about two quarts of water during the experience.  Additionally, Sauna stimulates food intake, relieves anxiety and depression, and promotes deeper sleep – a powerful anti-hangover activity.

If used thoughtfully, sauna can be a great antidote to the hangover blues.

Empirical Evidence for the Health Benefits of Sauna

When it comes to understanding the benefits of sauna to physical health, it can often be hard to separate fact from fiction. This is especially true if your search includes sauna manufacturer websites, and even more so if your search includes infrared sauna dealer websites. To date, the most solid and authoritative sources on the benefits of sauna to physical health are: Benefits and Risks of Sauna Bathing and Health Effects and Risks of Sauna Bathing. In 2001, Minna Hannuksela, MD of the University of Oulu, Finland and Samer Ellahham, MD of Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., completed a meta-analysis using 271 studies completed in the previous forty years to examine the physiological effects of sauna bathing. Their review of the benefits and risks of sauna bathing appeared in the American Journal of Medicine. This was updated five years later by Kukkonen-Harjula and Kauppinen (2006).

The “rubber band” theory of sauna therapy explained in probably too many words.

Just as a Monarch butterfly knows where to land on a tree thousands of miles away and just as a goose knows when it’s time to take flight for winter, an authentic sauna enthusiast knows the rubber band theory of sauna.

Sauna is great for the skin.

Through repeated heating and cooling, one’s pours (sic.) open and close and are cleansed naturally through the secretion and sweat process.  The fulfillment is only achieved through full rounds and the introduction of Loyly, or steam created from water being tossed on sauna rocks.  It is as important to allow enough time in the sauna for pours to open as it is to allow enough time freezing your ass off under a cold shower or jumping into a cold lake.  This isn’t a macho ploy.  Opening and closing  is what is needed for healthy skin therapy.

Sauna is great for muscles.

We have spoken about sauna therapy and sore muscles, sciatic nerve, shoulder surgery and the rubber band theory may be most easily visualized relative to muscle therapy in sauna.  For muscles have been described as rubber bands.  Muscles can get sore and tighten up.  Healthy muscles can stretch freely, like a rubber band.  There is no better therapy for muscles, then rotating hot and cold therapy.  Pro football players use ice baths not to meet chicks, but to help muscles heal from overworking.

Sauna is great for the mind.

Experiencing a hot sweat in sauna, coupled with a cool down in ice cold water shower or jump in the lake puts one in a state of euphoria.  Endorphin rush akin to long exercise or winning the lottery.  This is proven.  The expanding and contracting offers one mental openness and freedom of thought.

Whether in your backyard sauna, or cabin sauna, we sauna enthusiasts understand and embrace the rubber band theory of sauna and health and wellness benefits of an authentic sauna.  We hope you can too.  The cool down is as important as the heat up.

Sauna Yoga Music: our top picks for getting your ears in tune with your mind and body.

Sauna Yoga is gaining interest and momentum. Saunatimes is proud to be on the forefront. We have been building an ongoing list of recommended music for sauna yoga.  Below is a good start and we look forward to your additions:

  1. Toumani Diabati. The legendary Kora player from Mali.
  2. Stephen Halpern. Helps with your inner core and inner peace.
  3. Nightmares on Wax.  Carboot Soul – good reboot for the soul and Mind Elevation.

Developing Sauna Yoga: part 1

For a couple of months, we have been chatting at Saunatimes about investigating the combination of Sauna with Yoga.  We started with searching the Internet and the typical health and medical databases but really couldn’t find anything out there. Of course there is a ton of information on Hot Yoga and Bikram Yoga which can be traced back at least a few hundred years but nothing on combining Sauna with Yoga.

We found one reference to Sauna Yoga put out by Sauna from Finland. This was the closest match we could find. As reported, the folks at Sauna from Finland kicked up the intensity from the usual 105° F temperature to 122° F. The problem was that they used a very unrealistic looking sauna that did not resemble the pragmatics found in a typical sauna. Additionally, the 122° F was really too low to call it a sauna experience. So, if 105° F is better than 72° F and 122° F is better than 105° F, why not kick it up to the typical temperature found in a sauna and crank it up to 180° F?

Furthermore, what I don’t like about the typical hot yoga studios found in the malls of America is that their means of generating and managing high temperatures are uneven, too dry, and just overall lousy. A Finnish-style sauna is a time-tested means specifically designed for using high temps with people.

Now we needed to get a real yoga instructor and start experimenting: Enter Robin Bailey-Callahan, RD. Robin is a registered dietician and licensed yoga instructor. She works for Cherokee Choices, a diabetes prevention program for the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. I contacted Robin and she agreed to come out and help. Here are the results of our initial investigation:

 

Overall the experience was positive. Robin was very impressed with the possibilities of the combination. She is interested in developing a yoga routine, specifically for a three-round sauna experience. We agreed to meeting weekly for a period of time to develop a recommended Sauna-Yoga routine. Robin is keeping her own log of the experience.

Below are some helpful points noted:

  1. Overall, the stretching was experienced as very complementary to the muscle relaxation caused by the sauna experience and vice versa, the sweating made the stretching more enjoyable.
  2. Standing yoga positions were quickly ruled out due to the small quarters. Sitting and lying down positions worked well.
  3. It seems better to go in with two towels: One for using as a prop and one for wiping one’s brow.
  4. The firm backing of the sauna wall served as a helpful prop for the yoga positions.
  5. I expected that, since both yoga and sauna are forms of exercise that combining the two would be extremely difficult and cause making it to the end of a 15-minute round, excruciating. This idea was bolstered by the fact Hot Yoga/Bikram Yoga takes place at 120°F and we had the temperature up to 170°F. The opposite was true. The time seemed to fly by and we in fact stayed in the sauna longer than usual. It seems that the meditative quality inherent by the intense focus required by the yoga movements, took attention away from the intensity of the heat.
  6. More mellow meditative music was recommended by the yoga instructor.
  7. Apparel concern raised: The women noted that they would feel more comfortable wearing running shorts and a supportive running tank-top. One woman noted that the sitting position in a sauna is different than in a typical sauna studio. In a sauna studio, people are on the ground often facing one another’s back, whereas, in the sauna, one is on an elevated bench facing others. This would likely be a common concern for the general female population in the U.S. but perhaps less so in other cultures.